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postwar consensus
The post-war consensus is a name given by historians to an era in postwar British political history, from the end of World War II in 1945 to the election of conservative Margaret Thatcher as Prime Minister in 1979.〔Richard Toye, "From 'Consensus' to 'Common Ground': The Rhetoric of the Postwar Settlement and its Collapse," ''Journal of Contemporary History'' (2013) 48#1 pp 3-23.〕 The concept claims there was a widespread public policy consensus that covered support for collectivism, a mixed economy, and a welfare state.〔Dennis Kavanagh, "The Postwar Consensus," ''Twentieth Century British History'' (1992) 3#2 pp 175-190.〕
==Policies inside the consensus==
The foundations of the post-war consensus can be traced to the reports of William Beveridge, a Liberal economist who in 1942 formulated the concept of a more comprehensive welfare state in Great Britain.〔Kenneth O. Morgan, ''Britain Since 1945: The People's Peace'' (2001), p. 4 and 6〕 The first general election since 1935 was held in Britain in May 1945, giving a landslide victory for the Labour Party, whose leader was Clement Attlee. The policies undertaken and implemented by this Labour government laid the base of the consensus. The Conservative Party accepted many of these changes and promised not to reverse them in its 1947 ''Industrial Charter''.
The post-war consensus can be characterised as a belief in Keynesian economics,〔 a mixed economy with the nationalisation of major industries, the establishment of the National Health Service and the creation of the modern welfare state in Britain. The policies were instituted by all governments (both Labour and Conservative) in the post-war period. The consensus has been held to characterize British politics until the economic crises of the 1970s which led to the end of the post-war economic boom and the rise of monetarist economics.
"Butskellism" was a somewhat satirical term sometimes used in British politics to refer to this consensus, established in the 1950s and associated with the exercise of office as Chancellor of the Exchequer by Rab Butler of the Conservative Party and Hugh Gaitskell of the Labour Party. The term was inspired by a leading article in ''The Economist'' by Norman Macrae which dramatised the claimed convergence by referring to a fictitious "Mr. Butskell".〔''The Economist'', February 1954〕〔The Economist - "(The unacknowledged giant )",27 June 2010〕
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